Lesson: Nutrition in Animals

Type 1 – MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngB PrgifHhDYfgasaacH8YrFr0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0x c9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr0RYxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8fr Fve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaaieqaju gGbabaaaa8cCBapeGaa83eGaaa@3AF5@ Very Short Answer Questions (7 Q)

Question: 1

Which animals chew the food bolus?

Solution:

Ruminants

Question: 2

Where in the alimentary canal does the food get completely digested?

Solution:

Small intestine

Question: 3

Which part of the digestive organ does the rumen belong to?

Solution:

Stomach

Question: 4

Name the two types of vacuoles seen in ameoba.

Solution:

(a) Contractile vacuole

(b) Food vacuole

Question: 5

What should you give regularly to a patient suffering from diarrhoea?

Solution:

A patient of diarrhoea should be given at regular intervals the oral rehydration solution (ORS).

Question: 6

With which teeth would you bite into a biscuit?

Solution:

Incisors

Question: 7

With which teeth would you tear into a chicken leg piece?

Solution:

Canines

Type 2 – MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngB PrgifHhDYfgasaacH8YrFr0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0x c9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr0RYxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8fr Fve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaaieqaju gGbabaaaa8cCBapeGaa83eGaaa@3AF5@ Short Answer Questions (7 Q)

Question: 1

What is the mode of nutrition in starfish?

Solution:

Starfish eats animals that have a hard shell on their bodies.  Once the shell is opened and the soft animals inside it exposed, the starfish brings out its stomach through its mouth and eats it. After eating, the stomach goes back inside the body, and digestion takes place slowly.

Question: 2

What is the function of teeth in digestion? 

Solution:

Teeth help to cut, tear, grind, and chew the food, making digestion easier. It is for this reason each type of tooth is differently shaped and has a different job to perform. 

Question: 3

Name all the parts that make up the human alimentary canal.

Solution:

The digestive tract can be categorized into various parts:

(1) Mouth or the buccal cavity,

(2) Food canal or Oesophagus,

(3) Stomach

(4) The small intestine,

(5) The large intestine with rectum, and

(6) The anus.

These parts along with associated glands that help in digestion collectively form the alimentary canal.

Question: 4

What is the function of salivary glands in our mouth?

Solution:

The salivary glands secrete saliva, which helps in breaking down the complex carbohydrate starch into sugars. As for example, when we chew rice that has starch, the saliva breaks down the starch into smaller particles of simple sugars. Saliva has the enzyme amylase, which helps in starch breakdown, thus beginning the process of digestion.

Question: 5

Why do we understand the taste even if we do not see the food that we are eating?

Solution:

We understand the taste of food even though we may not see the food that we are eating because we have taste buds in our tongue which identifies the different tastes. In case of unknown foods, even without seeing it we can identify its taste, and say whether it is sweet, sour, salty, or bitter.

Question: 6

Why does tooth decay occur?

Solution:

When we do not rinse our mouth after eating, harmful bacteria may grow, which break down sugars from the food that remain in our teeth and mouth, and produce acids. The acids are harmful for our teeth and cause damage which is known as tooth decay. Foods that cause tooth decay include cold drinks, chocolates, and other sugar products.

Question: 7

What is absorption and assimilation in the process of digestion?

Solution:

When the digested food moves into the blood vessels of the intestinal wall, the process is termed as absorption. The inner walls of the small intestine have finger-like tiny outgrowths known as the villi, which with its surface network of small and thin blood vessels absorb the completely digested food matter. The absorbed matter is then transported through the blood vessels to various organs and used for building complex substances necessary for the body, which is termed as assimilation.

 

 

Type 3: Long questions (6 Q)

 

Question: 1

Explain digestion.

Solution:

The human digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal and digestive glands. The different parts of the digestive system are the (i) buccal cavity, (ii) oesophagus, (iii) stomach, (iv) small intestine, (v) large intestine ending in rectum and (vi) anus. The main digestive glands secreting digestive juices are (i)the salivary glands, (ii)the liver and (iii)the pancreas (iv)The stomach and small intestinal walls.

Digestion is a complex process that involves ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion. Digestion of carbohydrates (starch) begins in the mouth or buccal cavity, while the digestion of protein starts in the stomach. The bile juice from the liver, the pancreatic juice secreted by the pancreas, and the digestive juice from the intestinal wall help in the completion of digestion of all food components in the small intestine, from where the digested food is absorbed by the villi and transported by the blood vessels to various parts of the body. The large intestine absorbs water and some salts, and finally the undigested and unabsorbed waste faecal matter is expelled out of the body through the anus.

Question: 2

Give a labelled diagram of the digestive system in humans.

Solution:

Question: 3

Discuss the four types of teeth in humans.

Solution:

Teeth help to cut, grind and chew food, making digestion easier. Each type of tooth with its different shape has a different job to perform. Types of teeth include:

(a)  Incisors:  The eight teeth in the front (four on upper part and four down) are the incisors. These help you to take bite your food.

(b)  Canines: The next four teeth (two on each jaw) are the canines. They are sharp and used for tearing food.

(c)   Premolars: The next four teeth (two on each jaw) are the premolars and are used for chewing and grinding food.

(d)  Molars: The next three pairs of teeth (three pairs in each jaw) are the molars and are used for chewing and grinding food.

Question: 4

Draw and label the different taste buds in human tongue.

Solution:

Question: 5

How does amoeba get its nutrition?

Solution:

Amoeba eats microscopic organisms, which it captures by engulfing the food particle with its pseudopodia. The food is trapped in a food vacuole and digestive juices are then secreted in the food vacuole. These juices break down the food into simpler substances, which is then are absorbed. The absorbed substance is then utilized for growth, maintenance of the body activities, and reproduction; while the undigested food is expelled from the body by the vacuole.