Lesson: Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question: 1

Match structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II.

Solution:

Question: 2

Fill in the blanks.

(i)              The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the ___________.

(ii)           Haemoglobin is present in ________cells.

(iii)         Arteries and veins are joined by a network of __________.

(iv)          The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called _________.

(v)            The main excretory product in human beings is _________.

(vi)          Sweat contains water and _________.

(vii)       Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called_________.

(viii)     Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by_________.

Solution:

(i)              The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the arteries.

(ii)           Haemoglobin is present in red blood cells.

(iii)         Arteries and veins are joined by a network of capillaries.

(iv)          The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called heartbeat.

(v)            The main excretory product in human beings is urea.

(vi)          Sweat contains water and salt.

(vii)       Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called urine.

(viii)     Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by transpiration.

Question: 3

Choose the correct option:

(a)   In plants, water is transported through

(i)                 xylem

(ii)              phloem

(iii)            stomata

(iv)             root hair

(b)   Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants

(i)                        in the shade

(ii)                     in dim light

(iii)                   under the fan

(iv)                    covered with a polythene bag

Solution:

(a)   In plants, water is transported through (i) xylem.

(b)   Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants (iii) under the fan.

Question: 4

Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or in an animal? Explain.

Solution:

The cells of all living organisms need various basic materials to carry out their metabolic activities, while different waste products are also formed when these metabolic activities take place. Therefore, transport of materials is necessary in a plant or an animal in order to supply the basic materials necessary for the metabolic activities, and also for removing the waste products.

Question: 5

What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?

Solution:

Blood platelets help in the clotting of blood. Without the platelets there would be no blood clots when there is an injury in any part of the body, and the person would simply bleed to death.

Question: 6

What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.

Solution:

The openings or pores on the lower surface of leaves are known as stomata. The stomata have two functions:

(a)   Taking in of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide during the process of transpiration

(b)   Taking in of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen are during photosynthesis

Question: 7

Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.

Solution:

Transpiration serves to create a suction pressure or transpiration pull, which helps the water taken in by the by the roots to rise in tall trees and all plants.

Question: 8

What are the components of blood?

Solution:

Blood which is a fluid has different kinds of cells suspended in it. The main components of blood are:

·         Plasma: The fluid part is the blood is known as the plasma.

·         RBC: The red blood cells or RBCs are a cellular component of the blood that remains suspended in it. The RBCs contain a red pigment known as the haemoglobin.

·         WBC: The other cellular component of blood is the white blood cells or WBCs, which help the body to fight against germs.

·         Platelets: platelets are suspended cell particles in blood that help in blood clotting.

Question: 9

Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?

Solution:

Blood is necessary for all parts of the body as it transports vital matter like digested food from the small intestine to various parts of the body. It also transports oxygen from lungs to body cells, while also acting as a carrier for waste products for removal from the body. So, blood is necessary as carrier for supplying necessary substances to the cells, and for removing waste products from the body.

Question: 10

What makes the blood look red?

Solution:        

The red coloured pigment present in the red blood cells, called haemoglobin, makes the blood look red.

Question: 11

Describe the function of the heart.

Solution:        

Heart is the main organ of the circulatory system which is responsible for pumping and circulating the blood throughout the body.

The heart acts as a pump for the transportation of blood carrying vital substances for various parts of the body. The heart also pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it receives fresh oxygen and this oxygenated blood is sent to different cells in the blood.

Question: 12

Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?

Solution:        

When body cells perform metabolic activities, waste products are released. These waste products are toxic and harmful for our bodies, hence must be excreted or removed from the body.

Question: 13

Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.

Solution:        

The human excretory system: